2022 Best Value Bachelor’s Degree Colleges for Public Relations (Income Over $110k) in the Southeast Region
When it comes to choosing a college, students have a lot of options - but not all of them are good. Our mission at College Factual is to arm you with as much information as we can to help you make that decision. Our “Best Vallue PR Schools for a Bachelor’s in the Southeast Region For Those Making Over $110k” ranking is one tool we have developed to help in this regard.
Public Relations is the 136th most popular major in the country with 5,347 degrees awarded in 2019-2020.
Across the Southeast region, there were 1,616 public relations graduates with average earnings and debt of $0 and $0 respectively. At the bachelor’s degree level specifically, there were 1,544 public relations graduates with average earnings and debt of $36,277 and $25,415 respectively.
This year’s “Best Vallue PR Schools for a Bachelor’s in the Southeast Region For Those Making Over $110k” ranking looked at 27 colleges that offer degrees in a bachelor’s in public relations. Not only do the schools that top this list have excellent public relations programs, but they also cost less that schools of similar quality.
When determining these rankings, we looked at things such as overall quality of the public relations program at the school and the cost to attend the school once aid has been awarded. Check out our ranking methodology for more information.
Featured schools near , edit
More Ways to Rank Public Relations Schools
The pr school you choose to invest your time and money in matters. To help you make the decision that is right for you, we’ve developed a number of major-specific rankings, including this list of “Best Vallue PR Schools for a Bachelor’s in the Southeast Region For Those Making Over $110k”.
You can create your own custom comparison that focuses on the factors most important to you using our tool, College Combat. Test it out when you get a chance! You may also want to bookmark the link and share it with others who are trying to make the college decision.
13820173691339518771183581495625509149902444916080222912512718020274921698019790222551989138630211951186528298299542855027046
Best Vallue PR Schools for a Bachelor’s in the Southeast Region For Those Making Over $110k
The following schools top our list of the Best Best Vallue PR Schools for a Bachelor’s in the Southeast Region For Those Making Over $110k.
Top 25 Best Value Bachelor’s Degree Colleges for Public Relations (Income Over $110k) in the Southeast Region
You’ll join some of the best and brightest minds around if you attend University of Florida. The school came in at #1 for the Best Vallue PR Schools for a Bachelor’s in the Southeast Region For Those Making Over $110k. UF is located in Gainesville, Florida and, has a large student population. In 2019-2020, this school awarded 196 bachelors’s PR degrees to qualified students.
UF also took the #2 spot in our “Best Public Relations Bachelor’s Degree Schools in the Southeast Region” ranking. The estimated yearly cost for UF is $6,302 for Southeast Region Bachelor’s Degree PR students whose families make more than $110k.
Students who start out at the school are likely to stick around. The freshman retention rate is 97%. The student loan default rate at the school is 2.0%, which is quite low when compared to the national default rate of 10.1%.
You’ll join some of the best and brightest minds around if you attend University of Georgia. The school came in at #2 for the Best Vallue PR Schools for a Bachelor’s in the Southeast Region For Those Making Over $110k. University of Georgia is a large school located in Athens, Georgia that handed out 161 bachelors’s PR degrees in 2019-2020.
UGA not only placed well in this ranking. It is also #3 on our “Best Public Relations Bachelor’s Degree Schools in the Southeast Region” list. It costs about $13,649 for southeast region bachelor’s degree pr students whose families make more than $110k per year to attend University of Georgia.
The school has an impressive student loan default rate. It’s only 2.5%, which is much lower than the national rate of 10.1%. The school has an excellent freshman retention rate of 94%, which means students like the school well enough to return for a second year.
You’ll join some of the best and brightest minds around if you attend Northern Kentucky University. The school came in at #3 for the Best Vallue PR Schools for a Bachelor’s in the Southeast Region For Those Making Over $110k. This fairly large school is located in Highland Heights, Kentucky, and it awarded 31 bachelors’s PR degrees in 2019-2020.
NKU did well in our major quality rankings, too. It placed #14 on our “Best Public Relations Bachelor’s Degree Schools in the Southeast Region” list. The estimated yearly cost for Northern Kentucky University is $9,049 for Southeast Region Bachelor’s Degree PR students whose families make more than $110k.
You’ll be in good company if you decide to attend Appalachian State University. It ranked #4 on our 2022 Best Vallue PR Schools for a Bachelor’s in the Southeast Region For Those Making Over $110k list. Appalachian State University is a large public school situated in Boone, North Carolina. It awarded 89 bachelors’s PR degrees in 2019-2020.
Appalachian State did well in our major quality rankings, too. It placed #9 on our “Best Public Relations Bachelor’s Degree Schools in the Southeast Region” list. The yearly cost to attend Appalachian State is $13,920 for Southeast Region Bachelor’s Degree PR students whose families make more than $110k.
With a freshman retention rate of 86%, the school does an excellent job of retaining its students. The student loan default rate at the school is 3.9%, which is quite low when compared to the national default rate of 10.1%.
Read full report on Public Relations at Appalachian State University
You’ll join some of the best and brightest minds around if you attend Georgia Southern University. The school came in at #5 for the Best Vallue PR Schools for a Bachelor’s in the Southeast Region For Those Making Over $110k. GaSou is a large school located in Statesboro, Georgia that handed out 87 bachelors’s PR degrees in 2019-2020.
GaSou not only placed well in this ranking. It is also #11 on our “Best Public Relations Bachelor’s Degree Schools in the Southeast Region” list. The estimated yearly cost for Georgia Southern University is $15,536 for southeast region bachelor’s degree pr students whose families make more than $110k.
Western Kentucky University came in at #6 in this year’s edition of the Best Vallue PR Schools for a Bachelor’s in the Southeast Region For Those Making Over $110k ranking. WKU is a fairly large public school situated in Bowling Green, Kentucky. It awarded 30 bachelors’s PR degrees in 2019-2020.
In addition to being on our southeast region bachelor’s degree pr students whose families make more than $110k list, WKU has also earned the #15 rank in our “Best Public Relations Bachelor’s Degree Schools in the Southeast Region” ranking. It costs about $11,962 for southeast region bachelor’s degree pr students whose families make more than $110k per year to attend WKU.
With a ranking of #7, The University of Alabama did quite well on the 2022 Best Vallue PR Schools for a Bachelor’s in the Southeast Region For Those Making Over $110k list. Tuscaloosa, Alabama is the setting for this large institution of higher learning. The public school handed out bachelors’s PR degrees to 239 students in 2019-2020.
As a testament to the quality of education offered at UA, the school also landed the #6 spot in our “Best Public Relations Bachelor’s Degree Schools in the Southeast Region” ranking. The yearly cost to attend The University of Alabama is $22,597 for Southeast Region Bachelor’s Degree PR students whose families make more than $110k.
The school has an excellent freshman retention rate of 87%, which means students like the school well enough to return for a second year.
Murray State University came in at #8 in this year’s edition of the Best Vallue PR Schools for a Bachelor’s in the Southeast Region For Those Making Over $110k ranking. Murray, Kentucky is the setting for this medium-sized institution of higher learning. The public school handed out bachelors’s PR degrees to 27 students in 2019-2020.
In addition to being on our southeast region bachelor’s degree pr students whose families make more than $110k list, Murray State has also earned the #18 rank in our “Best Public Relations Bachelor’s Degree Schools in the Southeast Region” ranking. The yearly cost to attend Murray State University is $11,390 for southeast region bachelor’s degree pr students whose families make more than $110k.
University of South Carolina - Columbia landed the #9 spot on the 2022 Best Vallue PR Schools for a Bachelor’s in the Southeast Region For Those Making Over $110k ranking. University of South Carolina - Columbia is a public institution located in Columbia, South Carolina. The school has a large population, and it awarded 167 bachelors’s degrees in 2019-2020.
UofSC did well in our major quality rankings, too. It placed #5 on our “Best Public Relations Bachelor’s Degree Schools in the Southeast Region” list. The yearly cost to attend UofSC is $20,509 for southeast region bachelor’s degree pr students whose families make more than $110k.
The school has an excellent freshman retention rate of 90%, which means students like the school well enough to return for a second year. The student loan default rate at the school is 3.3%, which is quite low when compared to the national default rate of 10.1%.
Full University of South Carolina - Columbia Public Relations Report
University of Louisiana at Lafayette ranked #10 on this year’s Best Vallue PR Schools for a Bachelor’s in the Southeast Region For Those Making Over $110k list. University of Louisiana at Lafayette is a fairly large school located in Lafayette, Louisiana that handed out 13 bachelors’s PR degrees in 2019-2020.
UL Lafayette also made our “Best Public Relations Bachelor’s Degree Schools in the Southeast Region” list, coming in at #20. The estimated yearly cost for UL Lafayette is $12,487 for Southeast Region Bachelor’s Degree PR students whose families make more than $110k.
Harding University ranked #11 on this year’s Best Vallue PR Schools for a Bachelor’s in the Southeast Region For Those Making Over $110k list. Harding is located in Searcy, Arkansas and, has a small student population. In 2019-2020, this school awarded 17 bachelors’s PR degrees to qualified students.
Harding not only placed well in this ranking. It is also #12 on our “Best Public Relations Bachelor’s Degree Schools in the Southeast Region” list. It costs about $19,375 for southeast region bachelor’s degree pr students whose families make more than $110k per year to attend Harding University.
The student loan default rate at the school is 4.5%, which is quite low when compared to the national default rate of 10.1%. With a freshman retention rate of 87%, the school does an excellent job of retaining its students.
The University of Tennessee - Knoxville landed the #12 spot on the 2022 Best Vallue PR Schools for a Bachelor’s in the Southeast Region For Those Making Over $110k ranking. The University of Tennessee - Knoxville is a large school located in Knoxville, Tennessee that handed out 61 bachelors’s PR degrees in 2019-2020.
UT Knoxville did well in our major quality rankings, too. It placed #8 on our “Best Public Relations Bachelor’s Degree Schools in the Southeast Region” list. The yearly cost to attend The University of Tennessee - Knoxville is $18,825 for Southeast Region Bachelor’s Degree PR students whose families make more than $110k.
The school has an impressive student loan default rate. It’s only 4.3%, which is much lower than the national rate of 10.1%. The school has an excellent freshman retention rate of 89%, which means students like the school well enough to return for a second year.
University of Memphis landed the #13 spot on the 2022 Best Vallue PR Schools for a Bachelor’s in the Southeast Region For Those Making Over $110k ranking. University of Memphis is a large public school situated in Memphis, Tennessee. It awarded 32 bachelors’s PR degrees in 2019-2020.
UofM also took the #22 spot in our “Best Public Relations Bachelor’s Degree Schools in the Southeast Region” ranking. The yearly cost to attend UofM is $13,248 for southeast region bachelor’s degree pr students whose families make more than $110k.
Read full report on Public Relations at University of Memphis
With a ranking of #14, Auburn University did quite well on the 2022 Best Vallue PR Schools for a Bachelor’s in the Southeast Region For Those Making Over $110k list. Auburn University is located in Auburn, Alabama and, has a large student population. In 2019-2020, this school awarded 86 bachelors’s PR degrees to qualified students.
Auburn also took the #7 spot in our “Best Public Relations Bachelor’s Degree Schools in the Southeast Region” ranking. The yearly cost to attend Auburn is $24,104 for Southeast Region Bachelor’s Degree PR students whose families make more than $110k.
With a freshman retention rate of 92%, the school does an excellent job of retaining its students. The low student loan default rate of 2.9% is a good sign that students have an easier time paying off their loans than they might at other schools. For comparison, the national default rate is 10.1%.
Eastern Kentucky University ranked #15 on this year’s Best Vallue PR Schools for a Bachelor’s in the Southeast Region For Those Making Over $110k list. Eastern is located in Richmond, Kentucky and, has a fairly large student population. In 2019-2020, this school awarded 31 bachelors’s PR degrees to qualified students.
Eastern also made our “Best Public Relations Bachelor’s Degree Schools in the Southeast Region” list, coming in at #24. It costs about $14,149 for Southeast Region Bachelor’s Degree PR students whose families make more than $110k per year to attend Eastern.
With a ranking of #16, Lee University did quite well on the 2022 Best Vallue PR Schools for a Bachelor’s in the Southeast Region For Those Making Over $110k list. Located in Cleveland, Tennessee, this medium-sized private not-for-profit school awarded 35 degrees to qualified bachelors’s PR students in 2019-2020.
Lee University also took the #21 spot in our “Best Public Relations Bachelor’s Degree Schools in the Southeast Region” ranking. The yearly cost to attend Lee University is $17,696 for southeast region bachelor’s degree pr students whose families make more than $110k.
Winthrop University landed the #17 spot on the 2022 Best Vallue PR Schools for a Bachelor’s in the Southeast Region For Those Making Over $110k ranking. Winthrop is located in Rock Hill, South Carolina and, has a medium-sized student population. In 2019-2020, this school awarded 18 bachelors’s PR degrees to qualified students.
As a testament to the quality of education offered at Winthrop, the school also landed the #19 spot in our “Best Public Relations Bachelor’s Degree Schools in the Southeast Region” ranking. The estimated yearly cost for Winthrop University is $19,047 for southeast region bachelor’s degree pr students whose families make more than $110k.
Mississippi College landed the #18 spot on the 2022 Best Vallue PR Schools for a Bachelor’s in the Southeast Region For Those Making Over $110k ranking. MC is a private not-for-profit institution located in Clinton, Mississippi. The school has a small population, and it awarded 2 bachelors’s degrees in 2019-2020.
As a testament to the quality of education offered at MC, the school also landed the #16 spot in our “Best Public Relations Bachelor’s Degree Schools in the Southeast Region” ranking. The estimated yearly cost for MC is $17,186 for Southeast Region Bachelor’s Degree PR students whose families make more than $110k.
With a ranking of #19, Washington and Lee University did quite well on the 2022 Best Vallue PR Schools for a Bachelor’s in the Southeast Region For Those Making Over $110k list. Washington and Lee is a private not-for-profit institution located in Lexington, Virginia. The school has a small population, and it awarded 21 bachelors’s degrees in 2019-2020.
In addition to being on our southeast region bachelor’s degree pr students whose families make more than $110k list, Washington and Lee has also earned the #1 rank in our “Best Public Relations Bachelor’s Degree Schools in the Southeast Region” ranking. It costs about $22,615 for southeast region bachelor’s degree pr students whose families make more than $110k per year to attend Washington and Lee University.
The student-to-faculty ratio of 8 to 1 is a sign that students will have more opportunities to engage with their professors one-on-one. The low student loan default rate of 0.8% is a good sign that students have an easier time paying off their loans than they might at other schools. For comparison, the national default rate is 10.1%. The school has an excellent freshman retention rate of 97%, which means students like the school well enough to return for a second year.
Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University ranked #20 on this year’s Best Vallue PR Schools for a Bachelor’s in the Southeast Region For Those Making Over $110k list. Located in Tallahassee, Florida, this medium-sized public school awarded 33 degrees to qualified bachelors’s PR students in 2019-2020.
In addition to being on our southeast region bachelor’s degree pr students whose families make more than $110k list, Florida A&M University has also earned the #25 rank in our “Best Public Relations Bachelor’s Degree Schools in the Southeast Region” ranking. The yearly cost to attend Florida A&M University is $15,060 for southeast region bachelor’s degree pr students whose families make more than $110k.
The school has an excellent freshman retention rate of 85%, which means students like the school well enough to return for a second year.
Read full report on Public Relations at Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University
University of Florida-Online came in at #21 in this year’s edition of the Best Vallue PR Schools for a Bachelor’s in the Southeast Region For Those Making Over $110k ranking. Located in Gainesville, Florida, this small public school awarded 52 degrees to qualified bachelors’s PR students in 2019-2020.
The yearly cost to attend University of Florida-Online is $7,492 for southeast region bachelor’s degree pr students whose families make more than $110k.
The student loan default rate at the school is 2.0%, which is quite low when compared to the national default rate of 10.1%.
With a ranking of #22, Lipscomb University did quite well on the 2022 Best Vallue PR Schools for a Bachelor’s in the Southeast Region For Those Making Over $110k list. Lipscomb University is a private not-for-profit institution located in Nashville, Tennessee. The school has a small population, and it awarded 3 bachelors’s degrees in 2019-2020.
Lipscomb also took the #13 spot in our “Best Public Relations Bachelor’s Degree Schools in the Southeast Region” ranking. The yearly cost to attend Lipscomb is $24,749 for Southeast Region Bachelor’s Degree PR students whose families make more than $110k.
The school has an impressive student loan default rate. It’s only 3.9%, which is much lower than the national rate of 10.1%. Students who start out at the school are likely to stick around. The freshman retention rate is 86%.
With a ranking of #23, Palm Beach Atlantic University did quite well on the 2022 Best Vallue PR Schools for a Bachelor’s in the Southeast Region For Those Making Over $110k list. Palm Beach Atlantic is a private not-for-profit institution located in West Palm Beach, Florida. The school has a small population, and it awarded 7 bachelors’s degrees in 2019-2020.
Palm Beach Atlantic not only placed well in this ranking. It is also #17 on our “Best Public Relations Bachelor’s Degree Schools in the Southeast Region” list. It costs about $25,887 for Southeast Region Bachelor’s Degree PR students whose families make more than $110k per year to attend Palm Beach Atlantic University.
The student loan default rate at the school is 3.3%, which is quite low when compared to the national default rate of 10.1%.
Southern Adventist University ranked #24 on this year’s Best Vallue PR Schools for a Bachelor’s in the Southeast Region For Those Making Over $110k list. Southern Adventist University is a private not-for-profit institution located in Collegedale, Tennessee. The school has a small population, and it awarded 6 bachelors’s degrees in 2019-2020.
The yearly cost to attend Southern Adventist University is $22,661 for southeast region bachelor’s degree pr students whose families make more than $110k.
Barry University landed the #25 spot on the 2022 Best Vallue PR Schools for a Bachelor’s in the Southeast Region For Those Making Over $110k ranking. Miami, Florida is the setting for this medium-sized institution of higher learning. The private not-for-profit school handed out bachelors’s PR degrees to 4 students in 2019-2020.
In addition to being on our southeast region bachelor’s degree pr students whose families make more than $110k list, Barry University has also earned the #23 rank in our “Best Public Relations Bachelor’s Degree Schools in the Southeast Region” ranking. The yearly cost to attend Barry University is $17,994 for southeast region bachelor’s degree pr students whose families make more than $110k.
Narrow Results by Region
Southeast
Best Value Bachelor's Degree Colleges for Public Relations (Income Over $110k) in the Southeast Region
Rocky Mountains
Best Value Bachelor's Degree Colleges for Public Relations (Income Over $110k) in the Rocky Mountains Region
Middle Atlantic
Best Value Bachelor's Degree Colleges for Public Relations (Income Over $110k) in the Middle Atlantic Region
Southwest
Best Value Bachelor's Degree Colleges for Public Relations (Income Over $110k) in the Southwest Region
New England
Best Value Bachelor's Degree Colleges for Public Relations (Income Over $110k) in the New England Region
Plains States
Best Value Bachelor's Degree Colleges for Public Relations (Income Over $110k) in the Plains States Region
Far Western US
Best Value Bachelor's Degree Colleges for Public Relations (Income Over $110k) in the Far Western US Region
Great Lakes
Best Value Bachelor's Degree Colleges for Public Relations (Income Over $110k) in the Great Lakes Region
Narrow Results by State
North Carolina
Best Value Bachelor's Degree Colleges for Public Relations (Income Over $110k) in North Carolina
Kentucky
Best Value Bachelor's Degree Colleges for Public Relations (Income Over $110k) in Kentucky
Tennessee
Best Value Bachelor's Degree Colleges for Public Relations (Income Over $110k) in Tennessee
Mississippi
Best Value Bachelor's Degree Colleges for Public Relations (Income Over $110k) in Mississippi
Florida
Best Value Bachelor's Degree Colleges for Public Relations (Income Over $110k) in Florida
Arkansas
Best Value Bachelor's Degree Colleges for Public Relations (Income Over $110k) in Arkansas
Alabama
Best Value Bachelor's Degree Colleges for Public Relations (Income Over $110k) in Alabama
Georgia
Best Value Bachelor's Degree Colleges for Public Relations (Income Over $110k) in Georgia
Louisiana
Best Value Bachelor's Degree Colleges for Public Relations (Income Over $110k) in Louisiana
South Carolina
Best Value Bachelor's Degree Colleges for Public Relations (Income Over $110k) in South Carolina
Virginia
Best Value Bachelor's Degree Colleges for Public Relations (Income Over $110k) in Virginia
Switch to a Similar Major
Public Relations, Advertising, & Applied Communication
Best Value Bachelor's Degree Colleges for Public Relations, Advertising, & Applied Communication (Income Over $110k) in the Southeast Region
Advertising
Best Value Bachelor's Degree Colleges for Advertising (Income Over $110k) in the Southeast Region
Health Communication
Best Value Bachelor's Degree Colleges for Health Communication (Income Over $110k) in the Southeast Region
Technical & Scientific Communication
Best Value Bachelor's Degree Colleges for Technical & Scientific Communication (Income Over $110k) in the Southeast Region
Other Public Relations, Advertising, & Applied Communication
Best Value Bachelor's Degree Colleges for Other Public Relations, Advertising, & Applied Communication (Income Over $110k) in the Southeast Region
General Organizational Communication
Best Value Bachelor's Degree Colleges for General Organizational Communication (Income Over $110k) in the Southeast Region
Political Communication
Best Value Bachelor's Degree Colleges for Political Communication (Income Over $110k) in the Southeast Region
Sports Communication
Best Value Bachelor's Degree Colleges for Sports Communication (Income Over $110k) in the Southeast Region
Communication Management and Strategic Communications
Best Value Bachelor's Degree Colleges for Communication Management and Strategic Communications (Income Over $110k) in the Southeast Region
Switch to a Different Ranking Method
Best Public Relations Bachelor's Degree Schools in the Southeast Region
Public Relations students in the Southeast Region
Most Focused Bachelor's Degree Colleges for Public Relations in the Southeast Region
Public Relations students in the Southeast Region
Most Popular Bachelor's Degree Online Public Relations Schools
Public Relations students in the Southeast Region
Best Value Bachelor's Degree Colleges for Public Relations (Income $0-$30k) in the Southeast Region
Public Relations students with family income less than $30k in the Southeast Region
Best Value Bachelor's Degree Colleges for Public Relations (Income $48-$75k) in the Southeast Region
Public Relations students with family income $48-$75k in the Southeast Region
Best Value Bachelor's Degree Colleges for Public Relations (Income Over $110k) in the Southeast Region
Public Relations students with family income exceeding $110k in the Southeast Region
Highest Paid Bachelor's Degree Public Relations Graduates in the Southeast Region
Public Relations students in the Southeast Region
Most Popular Bachelor's Degree Colleges for Public Relations in the Southeast Region
Public Relations students in the Southeast Region
Best Value Bachelor's Degree Colleges for Public Relations in the Southeast Region (With Aid)
Public Relations students getting aid in the Southeast Region
Best Value Bachelor's Degree Colleges for Public Relations (Income $30-$48k) in the Southeast Region
Public Relations students with family income $30-$48k in the Southeast Region
Best Value Bachelor's Degree Colleges for Public Relations (Income $75-$110k) in the Southeast Region
Public Relations students with family income $75-$110k in the Southeast Region
Notes and References
References
- The Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) from the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), a branch of the U.S. Department of Education (DOE) serves as the core of our data about colleges.
- Some other college data, including much of the graduate earnings data, comes from the U.S. Department of Education’s (College Scorecard).
- Information about the national average student loan default rate is from the U.S. Department of Education and refers to data about the 2016 borrower cohort tracking period for which the cohort default rate (CDR) was 10.1%.
Read more about our data sources and methodologies
Footnotes
- *Average salary, average net price, and average tuition and fees are for the top schools only.
- Some schools otherwise deserving of recognition may have been removed from this ranking in the event that new data identified post-publication warranted it, or at the request of the school.
Credits
- Credit for the banner image above goes to Bill Koplitz.
Featured Communications / Public Relations Schools
Request Info
|
Southern New Hampshire University
You have goals. Southern New Hampshire University can help you get there. Whether you need a bachelor's degree to get into a career or want a master's degree to move up in your current career, SNHU has an online program for you. Find your degree from over 200 online programs ... Learn More > |
College Factual provides higher-education, college and university, degree, program, career, salary, and other helpful information to students, faculty, institutions, and other internet audiences. Presented information and data are subject to change. Inclusion on this website does not imply or represent a direct relationship with the company, school, or brand. Information, though believed correct at time of publication, may not be correct, and no warranty is provided. Contact the schools to verify any information before relying on it. Financial aid may be available for those who qualify. The displayed options may include sponsored or recommended results, not necessarily based on your preferences.
© College Factual – All Rights Reserved.